Literacy in Deaf Children - 15 Principles of Reading to Deaf Children

© 1996 by David R. Schleper, Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center,
Gallaudet University, Washington D.C. Used by permission.

Deaf Readers:

1. Deaf readers translate stories using American Sign Language.

2. Deaf readers keep both languages visible (ASL and English).

3. Deaf readers are not constrained by the text.

4. Deaf readers re-read stories on a "storytelling" to "story reading" continuum.

5. Deaf readers follow the child's lead.

6. Deaf readers make what is implied explicit.

7. Deaf readers adjust sign placement to fit the story.

8. Deaf readers adjust signing style to fit the story.

9. Deaf readers connect concepts in the story to the real world.

10. Deaf readers use attention maintenance strategies.

11. Deaf readers use eye gaze to elicit participation.

12. Deaf readers engage in role play to extend concepts.

13. Deaf readers use ASL variations to sign repetitive English phrases.

14. Deaf readers provide a positive and reinforcing environment.

15. Deaf readers expect the child to become literate.